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国际七大央行联手降息 金融市场秩序继续混乱
本帖最后由 苍山雪 于 2016-4-25 12:06 编辑
在澳洲央行意外地将息100个基点后,全球各大中央银行隔夜也纷纷下调官方利息,试图合力给千疮百孔的金融市场重振旗鼓。
美国,欧盟,英国,中国,瑞典,瑞士和加拿大的央行采取联合行动,普遍将息0.50%,以求避免世界经济陷入恶性衰退。
各大央行的联手似乎并没有起到挽救市场信心的作用。欧洲各大股市在当地上午时间猛跌8%,降息消息公布后曾一度上扬,但是在接下去的两小时内又是满场飘红。
这一消息同时强烈打压了澳元的汇率,盘中一度跌破1澳元兑65美分的价位,创造了五年来新低。自今年7月以来,澳元兑美元汇率已经累计下跌了30%,当时的汇率几乎到了1:1的位置。同时,澳元兑日元,英镑以及欧元的汇率也纷纷下挫。Westpac首席经济师对此分析道,原因主要在于投资者对全球经济的信心遭受重创,以澳元为代表的商品关联货币首当其冲。
World's central banks in joint action to halt carnage
Ben Perry, London, and Marc Moncrief
October 9, 2008
THE world's leading central banks last night simultaneously cut their interest rates, in an unprecedented combined bid to restore confidence to the shattered global financial system.
The US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, the Bank of England and central banks in China, Sweden, Switzerland and Canada all moved in unison, most of them cutting rates by half a percentage point.
The co-ordinated move, aimed at alleviating the threat of a severe global recession, was announced about 10pm Melbourne time. It took financial markets by surprise just a day after Australia's Reserve Bank cut its official rate by a full percentage point.
The announcement came after another day of turmoil on the markets, with the Australian dollar plummeting through 65 US cents to a new five-year low, and sharemarkets across Europe and Asia suffering further dramatic falls.
In one of the dollar's most volatile days since it was floated in 1983, it tumbled more than six US cents to touch a low of 64.51 cents about 8pm last night - more than 30% below where it was in mid July, when it was worth more than 98 US cents.
Later, after the joint interest rate move by the world central banks, the dollar bounced back above 67 US cents, and then resumed its slide again.
European sharemarkets also swung wildly before and after last night's announcement. Shares in London, Paris and Frankfurt crashed as much as 8% in early trading, suddenly rebounded into positive territory on news of the central bank rate cuts, and slipped back into the red within two hours.
The drama on the London market came despite drastic action yesterday by Britain's central bank to prop up the teetering financial system, with a £500 billion rescue package.
The negative sentiment spread to New York early today Melbourne time, with the Dow Jones industrial average sliding more than 1.5% in the first few minutes of trading.
Earlier, investors stripped another 5% from the value of the Australian sharemarket, leaving it more than 35% below last November's all-time peak despite an initially positive reaction to the Reserve Bank's move on its official cash rate.
In Japan, stocks fell 9.4% - the third-biggest decline on record - as legislators approved a massive economic stimulus package. And in Jakarta, stocks tumbled more than 10%, forcing a halt to trading.
The Australian dollar fell not just against the US dollar but most of the major world currencies, including the Japanese yen, the British pound and the euro.
Westpac chief economist Bill Evans said it showed investors were increasingly concerned about the risk of a global recession halting demand for Australia's commodities.
"If you were talking about a global recession, then markets would tend to think that commodity-related currencies would do the worst," he said. "But, if you were to see some stability in the US market then this would turn around with gusto."
After its shock interest rate cut on Tuesday, the Reserve Bank yesterday announced it would relax standards on the collateral it demands from banks to borrow money.
The move will supply banks with extra money expected to be demanded by consumers in response to lower interest rates.
The move came as the International Monetary Fund warned that the world economy was entering a major downturn in the face of the most dangerous shock in financial markets since the 1930s Depression.
In its latest World Economic Outlook, released in Washington overnight, the IMF forecast the US and parts of Europe would probably go into recession - if they have not already done so - and that the downturn would continue until late 2009, with the outlook being subject to "considerable downside risks".
It was a little more upbeat on prospects for Australia than other big developed economies, forecasting GDP growth of 2.5% in 2008, falling to 2.2% in 2009.
However, the forecasts might already be dated, particularly as they do not take into account the latest dramatic developments in financial markets.
Figures released yesterday in Australia show a nation increasingly concerned about its prospects. Home loan approvals fell by 2.2% in August - more than twice the forecast fall. And, according to Westpac, consumer sentiment dropped by 11% in the month before the rate cut was announced.
Westpac's Mr Evans said the only comparable collapses in consumer sentiment on record were after the shares crash of 1987 and the bursting of the dotcom bubble.
"It didn't even fall this much at 9/11," Mr Evans said, referring to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
The consumer sentiment index, which was completed before the interest rate cut, found 20% fewer people thought it was a good time to buy a major household item. Mr Evans said such sentiment could mean a slow Christmas for retailers.
But investors who punt on interest rate movements expect the RBA to cut another full percentage point from rates by the end of the year - which could provide a boost to spending.
Following the lead of the big four banks - ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, National Australia Bank and Westpac - smaller banks yesterday began announcing their decisions on the rate cut.
Bendigo Bank, BankWest and Members Equity all cut 0.8 of a percentage point from their variable home loan rates.
Opposition Leader Malcolm Turnbull claimed the banks would have passed on less if not for the pressure he had been placing them under.
Commonwealth yesterday promised to lower rates further when financial markets "normalise". ANZ, NAB and Westpac declined to do the same. "They will announce whatever they think is in the interest of their company and their business," said NAB's chief executive for Australia, Ahmed Fahour.
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